Immigration Lawyers

By Rebecca Sandles

With the clocks going back, millions of British workers will be heading home this evening in the dark. Depressing? Yes, but there could be a good reason for why we get the winter blues.

When Jenny Simmonds had her first bout of SAD 20 years ago, the doctors said it was postnatal depression. But then her spirits slumped again the following winter.

"She was depressed two years after the birth," says husband Jon. "I'm no doctor, but I thought, 'this isn't postnatal'. It happened again the next year, and the next. For 10 years we were told it was a chemical imbalance."

Eventually, the couple heard about seasonal affective disorder. Jenny got a name for her condition, and began looking for ways to deal with it, that didn't involve an annual sojourn at her local hospital.

Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, is now a recognised psychiatric condition. Miserable weather, a bunged up nose every two weeks, not forgetting a seasonal rise in household burglaries, well, it's hardly a recipe for fun, is it?



And what the dark days do is mess with the balance of chemicals that affect a person's moods.



The lack of decent daylight leads to a drop in the body's levels of serotonin and a rise in melatonin. Put bluntly, serotonin makes us livelier, melatonin makes us sleepy.



"How do birds know when to leave the country?" asks Jon Simmonds. "In the autumn, trees change colour, animals hibernate, yet we're expected to carry on as normal!"



It's estimated that 3% of UK adults suffer SAD to a clinically significant degree. Some of those will be affected to such an extent that going to hospital is the only option. A further 10% will endure milder symptoms.



It all adds up to millions of Brits spending dark, moody months suffering loss of libido, anxiety, irritability and social withdrawal. But what must it be like for those who live even further north, where winter days are even shorter? Surprisingly, it's not nearly so bad.



Countries such as Iceland or Finland, which are endowed with snow and have little history of mass immigration, may not get many hours of sunlight, but chances are they'll get clear skies and plenty of light reflecting off the snow.



It helps explain why British folk find rejuvenation not only in winter holidays to far-flung sun-drenched beaches, but also from visiting a frosty mountain top for a week's skiing.



And the immigration? One theory goes that it's all about genetic build, natural resistance developed over the centuries. Once immigrants arrive from lands closer to the equator, not used to dealing with seasonal drops in sunlight, the resistance weakens, and the winter misery rises.



Dr John Eagles, from Royal Cornhill Hospital Aberdeen believes evolution may also play its part. One indicator of this is that women of a child-bearing age are statistically at the highest risk of SAD.



In a recent paper on the condition, the consultant psychiatrist writes, "At one stage, it may have been advantageous to have been energetic and to require little sleep in the summer and to be anergic and sleepy in winter.



How to beat SAD



"This may have applied especially to women and their offspring, since it would be optimal to become pregnant in summer, resulting in childbirth in spring, when food is more plentiful and the weather is becoming warmer."



So if you've got the winter blues, and your boss will neither sanction, nor finance, your three-month break in the sun, what options are available?



For mild symptoms, exercise is a key recommendation along with a decent diet. That means trying not to over indulge those chocolate urges. But if you must, go for dark chocolate.



An increasingly popular option is to sit in front of a lightbox for an hour or so a day.



"I thought light therapy was the biggest load of cobblers", says a once sceptical Jon Simmons. "My wife used it over one winter period and didn't become ill. I thought that was psychosomatic. "When it helped the next winter too, I thought, well, maybe it works!"



Cambridge-based company Outside In has been selling lightboxes since 1991.



"Treatment plan A is to move to the south of Spain," says founder and MD Steve Hayes. "Plan B is to introduce artificial light, when nature isn't providing. That sends a signal to part of the brain saying it's daytime now. The natural response is to stop producing melatonin and increase serotonin productions."



Steve says demand for the lights is pretty consistent across the UK, the one possible exception being Aberdeen where sales are "extraordinarily big".



"It's north, it's cloudy and it's full of Texans who can't believe what's hit them!"



Source: BBC News UK Edition - Monday, 1 November, 2004, 11:10 GMT, By Rebecca Sandles



To buy your Light Box visit http://www.livingiseasy.co.uk/search/?search=lumie alternatively to order over the phone please call our sales line on 02074831991.

http://www.livingiseasy.co.uk
info@livingiseasy.co.uk
02074831991

From epic skyscrapers to electrically charged ambience, initial experience of New York City can leave you utterly overwhelmed. Romance radiates from every street corner as film sets burst into life. New York is the city of the future.

Originally named New Amsterdam by Dutch colonists, it wasn’t until British occupation in 1664 it became recognized as present day New York. The creation of the Erie Canal in 1825 was the mechanism for trade and industrial growth that bought about the thriving city of today.

For visitors travelling via boat, opening port of call is the majestic Statue of Liberty. This illustrious emblem of the American Dream was designed by Gustave Eiffel – he of Eiffel Tower notoriety – and erected in 1886. For security purposes the Statue no longer offers public admission, however access to Liberty Island is still permitted, providing an exceptional picture of the elegant lady.

Opposite the Statue rests Ellis Island, an immigration station until the midpoint of last century. Formerly used by the English for disciplining buccaneers, Ellis Island supervised the influx of millions of European immigrants during the first half of the twentieth-century. The museum – open daily with free admission – is well worth a couple of hours of your time.

Straddling East River, Brooklyn Bridge is recognizable to anyone who has been to the movies. Affording some of the most breathtaking sights of Manhattan, Brooklyn Bridge was constructed in 1883, and at time of completion was the worlds biggest suspension bridge and earliest to utilize steel cables.

Off 42nd Street sits the vast, cathedral-like Grand Central Station. At one hundred and fifty feet tall, the stylishly decorated starry sky ceiling is a magnificent spectacle to behold. You may explore the station yourself, however best alternative is to seize advantage of the frequent free tours. If seafood is your thing, the Oyster Bar is a must, offering exceptional cuisine and a cool view.

In the heart of Manhattan lies Central Park, providing immense contrast to demanding urban life. Conceived in 1876, a recreational area was developed to afford the citizens a respite from modern living. By now New York was a flourishing town and authorities felt individuals required a contrast to bricks and mortar. Central Park Zoo is continually popular, as is the Wollman Rink, a delight in winter. Shakespeare in the Park – an admirable production – is located at the Delacorte Theatre and is free, however obtain your tickets in advance.

If you've retired anywhere outside the US, you've done the Radical Retirement. Disbelief from family and friends is proof enough. Today people everywhere are opting for radical retirement.

Take Bali for instance. Bali's weather is tropical with the warm ocean waters that you'd expect to find. There's a landscape of rice paddies at the bottom of volcanoes, an eclectic local culture and miles of extraordinarily beautiful beaches.

Exploring Bali will lead you to over 10,000 Hindu temples. Balinese music plays everywhere at night accompanied by dancing. The island has an active arts and craft scene and the best shopping and prices in Asia.

A cute 2 storey house with small plunge pool, 2 bedrooms, AC and 2 baths will cost you approx. $600+ US. a month. Apts. are even cheaper.

There are approx. 20,000 foreigners living in Bali, with a high concentration on the southern coast from Sanur to Seminyak and in the center of the island, in Ubud. The Ubud expatriates are for the most part artists, traders, and businessmen and women who offer services to tourists and the expatriate community.

People who live in Bali tend to be people who let life lead them rather than trying to control it. The Balinese don't have a word for future -they don't think about tomorrow the way we do. Sound familiar?

Expatriates living in Indonesia, have the unique advantage of being within a few hours flight or drive from beautiful pristine beaches, towering volcanic mountains, verdant rain forest, wildlife refugees and fascinating cultural experiences. All the normal activities such as golf, tennis and scuba driving are also available. The expatriate community is well organized and very sophisticate with many of the activities and groups you would find in most communities.

When it comes to medical needs there are many small hospitals throughout the island and serious medical needs are usually referred to Jakarta. There are many public hospitals but you can also find many private hospitals. Medical coverage from private insurers is recommended.

One usually enters Bali with a temporary 30 day visa and it's a long and winding road to obtain a longer stay visa. One is advised to seek professional help to work your way through the immigration maze.

Rachel Greaves, offers this advise to those considering this expatriate community. Make friends with the local people, learn the language, acknowledge the dangers, take care on the roads, accept the things you can·t change, embrace the challenges, explore the island and the culture, and be open to the intense spiritual energy here. Bali is full of magic and wonder, if you truly want to be here you will find a way to make it work. There are a lot of lessons to be learned on the way, but if you have a passion for Bali, the joy and rewards of living here are immeasurable.

If you would like website references for more information, please email me. I would enjoy your comments and recommendations for other expatriate destinations to feature. webmaster@retireresource.com

No Cost American Citizenship
By
William Cate

Full employment is a cornerstone to political stability everywhere in the world. In Democratic societies, elections that follow a Recession or Depression usually ensure that the politicians in power lose their jobs to a new wave of politicians promising full employment. In this context, many countries' immigration policy reflects their recognition for the need to create jobs. The United States has taken limited steps to use its immigration policy to encourage an increase in domestic employment. Any astute multinational corporation can use the opportunity that the U.S. Government's immigration policy has created to allow key employees to become American citizens without cost.

There are four American immigration visas that multinational corporations have used to convert U.S. residency into American citizenship

I. EB-1-3 Multinational Executive Visa is a request for permanent US residence. Applicants do not go through the lengthy and burdensome process of labor certification. The only visa requirement is that the multinational corporation furnishes the applicant a job. The visa application must state that the applicant will be employed in the United States in a managerial or executive capacity. The multinational corporation must have been doing business, for at least one year in the United States, before submitting a EB-1-3 Visa application. The applicant must have worked for the company outside the USA as an executive or manager for at least three years prior to filing the Visa Application. This visa is intended to give the executive permanent residency status in the United States. In theory, it precludes the visa holder from applying for U.S. citizenship. However, working in the multinational corporation's U.S. office allows the executive to attain a "green card." With a green card, the executive is on the path to being a U.S. citizen.

II. The L-1 Intra-Company Transfer Visa is designed to allow employees of a multinational corporation, with an affiliate, subsidiary company or branch operating in the US, to come to work for that branch in the US. There is no annual quota. The multinational corporation must have continuously employed the L-1 applicant outside the USA for at least one year within the past three years. The multinational corporation must own the U.S. subsidiary. The applicant must be employed as a manager, executive or have "specialized knowledge." The applicant must intend to depart the US when his or her stay is over. However, the applicant may also pursue permanent residency (An EB-1-3 Visa) simultaneously with his or her residence, without a negative impact on the ability to keep or extend an L-visa.

III. III. E-2 Investor Visa only applies to passport holders from a select group of countries. The multinational corporation must be incorporated in one of this select group of countries. The visa applicant must be an active investor in the company. They must work as a manager or executive for the multinational corporation. The applicant investor must plan to depart the USA when the E-2 visa expires.

In theory, none of the above three U.S. Visas allow the visa holder to
become a U.S. citizen. However, attorneys can use any of these visas as a basis for a citizenship application. It takes time and there is an uncertain outcome to anyone relying on these visas as the path to U.S. Citizenship. Under present U.S. Law, the U.S. EB-5 Visa is the only application that can directly lead to eventual U.S. Citizenship

IV. The statutory requirements of the U.S. EB-5 Visa category are onerous. This option could require that your multinational corporation lend a U.S. Government approved project US$1,000,000 to create at least ten U.S. jobs. There is an annual quota of 10,000 EB-5 visas. However, only about 1,000 applicants are actually accepted into the United States each year under the EB-5 Visa program. There is a rigorous and lengthy application process. Qualifying a person for EB-5 status is one of the most complicated subspecialties in immigration law. A sophisticated knowledge of corporate, tax, investment and immigration laws are all required. Multinational corporations must discard normal investment opportunities in favor of investments structured to meet the unrealistic requirements of the EB-5 Visa regulations.

To use any of these U.S. Visa options, your road to becoming a U.S. citizen without cost requires that you must solve three related problems.

The 21st Century will be the Century of the Multinational Corporation. No cost American citizenship is only one advantage that multinational corporations have over national companies. Any national company that hasn't considered evolving into a multinational corporation doesn't see the economic handwriting on the wall. The ebook, Venture Capital Profits, offers one logical way to move your company forward into the global village. The money needed to follow this international vision is readily available.

You will need a creative and competent immigration law firm to make the current American visa process work for you. I've outlined the requirements for the U.S. visas that have worked for multinational corporations. However, I'm not an attorney. The advantages of the law firm that I recommend are outlined at: [http://home.earthlink.net/~beowulfinvestments/id36.html]

Creating jobs is the justification for allowing executives of multinational corporations to become U.S. citizenship without cost. Like all legal systems, there is an Achilles heel that leverages a positive outcome from any of these visa applications. You can research and find this outcome on the Net. Or, you can work with Beowulf Investments and we'll suggest it. In either case, you'll find that it is possible to get a U.S. passport, without wading across the Rio Grande River.

No Cost Canadian Citizenship
By
William Cate

Go North successful businessperson; go North. Canada wants you. The Canadian business immigration program is designed to encourage and facilitate your admission to Canada.

No Quotas

There are no quotas based on nationality, language skills or present citizenship. It's not that Canada wants Americans or Irish or Italian settlers. The Canadian focus is upon immigrants with skills that create a better and economically stable nation. You can come from Russia, China or Uganda and expect equal application treatment with those coming from the USA, Ireland or Italy.

UN Says Canada One of the Best

Canada has been voted to be one of the best places in the world to live with the highest living standard in the world for the past five years by the United Nations. Canada has a very low crime rate. Canadians living in major cities like Toronto rarely lock their front doors. A fact shown in Michael's Moore's documentary "Hunting for Columbine." Canada is a safe place for your children to grow up.

Canada is the Austria or Switzerland of North America. The Canadian population is about one-tenth that of the United States. Canada has an excellent and free school system. Its environment is pristine. It's cost of living well below that of the United States.

Spouse, Children and Parents Included

You, your spouse and your children can apply for Canadian citizenship. Once you become Canadian citizens, you can sponsor your parents and other family members. It's a ploy that works for my multinational company clients and it would work for you.

Canada's Federal Budget is primarily devoted to its Social Safety Net. Currently, there is a National Health Care program. The country's social support network is similar to that of Sweden. Unlike the United States, there is little money expended on its military. Thus, a person carrying a Canadian passport is a welcome visitor everywhere in the world.

Become a Multinational Corporation

My mantra to clients is "Become a Multinational Corporation." On the long list of benefits available to multinational corporations is the fact that Canada will welcome you or a close relative as a citizen. Your multinational corporation buys a Canadian business and you or a close relative qualifies for Canadian citizenship. Your multinational corporation develops its NAFTA distribution center in Canada and you or a close relative qualifies for Canadian citizenship. Of course your distribution center or acquired Canadian business must create jobs for at least one Canadian, but that seems to be a small price to pay for Canadian citizenship. Once you are a Canadian citizen, you can expand your business in the USA under the NAFTA agreement. If you are interested in my comparative general advice to multinational corporations about have a top corporate executive become an American or Canadian citizen visit: [http://home.earthlink.net/~beowulfinvestments/id36.html]

Income Tax Breaks

It takes three years from the date of your application to secure your Canadian citizenship. For the first five years of your Canadian residence, you are not subject to Canadian income taxes. Nor does Canada tax you on foreign-source income. After you secure your Canadian passport, if you choose to live outside of Canada for more than half of each year, you aren't subject to Canadian income taxes.

No Visa For US Visits

Canadian citizens are not required to have a visitor visa to enter the USA. When the Canadian Dollar is strong, you buy your supplies in the States. When the US Dollar is strong, you buy Canadian. It's been the Canadian way of controlling their inflation for decades. As a Canadian citizen, you can visit your present country of citizenship as often and whenever you wish.

Unlike the United States, the Canadian government quickly processes resident visa applications, similar to the US "Green Card."

How To Do It

If you are a successful businessperson running a national company anywhere in the world, here are your steps to your Canadian citizenship and untold wealth.
1. Read Venture Capital Profits.
2. Adapt the Venture Capital Profits strategy.
3. Become a regional multinational corporation by securing a PIPE financing through the Global Village Investment Club.
4. Leverage your cash by using your publicly traded shares to acquire cash producing assets.
5. Ensure that one of those cash-producing assets is in Canada.
6. Send a close relative to manage your Canadian subsidiary. Expect that relative to apply for Canadian citizenship.
7. After you complete the Venture Capital Profits strategy, you can have that Canadian relative sponsor you and your family into Canada.

No Cost

This entire immigration process costs you nothing. The costs are borne by your multinational corporation.

Costa Rica is a wonderful place to visit with your family or even alone.
Many couples honeymoon in Costa Rica combining romance, adventure and mystical visits to volcanoes, rainforest's, waterfalls, and secluded beaches. Our goal here is to provide a condensed guide that you can print and take with you to use for reference. For more detailed information about Costa Rica our website is the best information source on the web.

Country Information
Costa Rica is in Central America north of Panama and south of Nicaragua. The Pacific ocean borders the country to the west and the Caribbean to the east.

The citizens of Costa Rica are affectionately called Tico's and Tica's. In all of Latin America, the Tico's are most like North American's in their thought process. There are many cultural differences but tourism and tourists in general are welcomed warmly in this country.

Costa Rica has the highest literacy rate in Latin America. Every four years elections are held with 95% of the population participating in the voting process. Costa Rica has had no military forces since 1946. 27% of the country's budget is spent on health care. Although there are demonstrations occasionally civil unrest is not present. Costa Rica is considered to be the "Latin American success story".

The country has 110 volcanic craters, six active volcanoes,mountain ranges throughout the central portion of the country and secluded beaches with rain forest filled with wildlife butting right up to the shoreline.

Temperature varies with elevation. Humidity is present and noticeable, especially at sea level. Mosquitoes are obviously part of any rain forest but are not as noticeable as most parts of Florida, for instance due to the natural predators maintaining an ecological balance not found in places like Florida. (Bring repellent with Deet however!)

Costa Rica has a wet and dry season. The wet or "green" season is from May until November each year. During this time rainfall is more prevalent in most regions (Guanacaste province is the driest area in the country) with sunshine typical in the morning hours with showers in the afternoon and at night. Green season is when hotels offer discounts and crowds are minimized. As mentioned earlier, the northwestern portion of Costa Rica is the best "green" season destination due to rainfall considerations.

General Information
Entry requirements for visitors differ depending on your country of origin. US citizens, Canadians, and United Kingdom tourists need a valid passport but do not require a visa. The maximum stay under these conditions is 90 days but can be extended an additional 90 days through a travel agent or within the country through immigration.

Vaccinations are not required for malaria and other diseases to visit Costa Rica.

The water in most areas is safe to drink. Some coastal areas are exceptions however. Bottled water is recommended simply due to taste considerations. If you are at the Multiplaza mall in Escazu for instance the water is perfectly fine to drink. Smaller communities on the coast can be problematic however.

Costa Rica has the best fruit in the world in my opinion. Eat anything and everything in sight!

Driving in Costa Rica is an adventure! A stop sign in Costa Rica is treated like a yield sign in North America. Potholes in certain areas are HUGE. If renting a car consider the following:

The story behind the first maternity and paternity tests used for legal purposes.

This year marks the 20th anniversary of a remarkable discovery which forever changed the legal profession. In 1985, Alec Jeffreys (now Sir Alec), a young genetics professor at Leicester University, discovered DNA fingerprinting—the technique which allows for unambiguous human identification as well as relationship identification between different people. Since then, DNA testing has emerged as a powerful tool in both civil and criminal justice systems. DNA testing can not only reveal whether two or more individuals are related but can also determine the nature of this relationship. Today, it is possible to identify people by a single hair, as well as obtain information about their gender, ethnic background, and nearly their exact age.

In non-criminal legal practice, DNA testing is used primarily for immigration and child support cases. In 2004, more than 7,000 DNA tests were conducted in the UK for these purposes. When no reliable documentary evidence is available, DNA testing can assist in determining varying degrees of relatedness between individuals, as well as their ethnic background.

The landmark immigration case Sarbah vs. Home Office (1985) was the first to use DNA testing to prove a mother-son relationship between Christiana Sarbah and her son Andrew.

The case started in 1983 when Andrew, then 13, arrived in England after a long stay in Ghana with Christiana's estranged husband. Immigration officials held him at Heathrow Airport, claiming his passport was forged, or that a substitution had been made. Only after intervention by a local MP was Andrew allowed to stay at his family's home in London.

Various genetic-determining tests showed that Christiana and Andrew were almost certainly related; however, it was impossible to determine whether Christiana was his mother or merely an aunt (Christiana has several sisters in Ghana). The photographic evidence and depositions were rejected at an immigration hearing, but deportation was delayed pending an appeal.

Around the same time, an article in The Guardian reported the discovery of DNA fingerprinting by Prof. Alec Jeffreys and his team at the University of Leicester. After reading about their work, the legal team dealing with the case approached Prof. Jeffreys, and he agreed to take on the case. In order to prove that Christiana was Andrew’s mother, a DNA test was performed on blood samples from Christiana, Andrew, an unrelated individual, and Christiana's three undisputed children: David, Joyce, and Diana.

Using a recently discovered DNA probe, a DNA fingerprint was produced which confirmed that Christiana was indeed Andrew’s biological mother, and that David, Joyce and Diana were his siblings. Based on this evidence, the case was dropped by the Home Office and massive press coverage ensued. The discovery of DNA fingerprinting had huge implication for the non-criminal legal system and led to an overhaul of the UK’s Immigration legislation. Current UK immigration legislation accepts results of DNA testing as the ultimate proof or relationship between a child and his or her relatives. Accordingly, DNA test results will normally (although not invariably) provide conclusive evidence as to whether a child is related, as claimed, to one or both of his alleged parents.

Before January 1991, it was up to the applicant to decide whether or not to obtain DNA evidence in support of his or her application or appeal. In January 1991, a government scheme was introduced, which enables entry clearance officers (ECO) to offer to arrange DNA tests in cases where they are not satisfied that persons seeking admission as children are related to their UK sponsor.

A look at the role DNA testing plays in bringing family members into the United Kingdom

DNA testing is routinely used in immigration cases to prove whether a child under 18 is a biological child of or, in some cases, is related to an individual with a leave to remain in the UK. Most DNA tests for immigration reasons are parentage testing (paternity or maternity) but in some cases a grand parentage or avuncular (whether a child is a nephew or a niece of the sponsor) test is employed to prove an alleged relationship.

When the child is outside the UK, a DNA test is normally arranged by an ECO. In such cases, DNA samples are taken from applicants at a post overseas and sent to a UK-based laboratory together with the samples of the sponsor, which in most cases is taken in the UK. If the child is already in the UK, DNA testing could be conducted in a Home Office-appointed laboratory or arranged privately or via solicitor. The DNA testing report provides an assessment as to the nature of relationship between the tested individuals and states the probability of this relationship.

According to the Home Office guidelines, in assessing DNA reports, the question to be addressed is whether the evidence establishes the relevant relationships on a balance of probability. If a DNA report concludes that the probability of a claimed relationship is at least three-times greater than any other relationship, it should normally be accepted as proof of that relationship without further enquiry. If the probability of the claimed relationship is only twice as likely (or less) than any other relationship, the case is usually reviewed as a whole. However, the Home Office admits that even a low balance of probability in favor of the claimed relationship is substantial evidence and should be accepted unless there is strong evidence to the contrary. If relationship was the sole ground on which the application was refused, and it was later established by means of DNA evidence, the Home Office usually concedes the case.

In cases where several children are to be tested, the fact that some children are related to the claimant does not constitute the evidence in favor of other children who were not tested. The application with regards to the latter will be refused on the ground that there is not enough evidence to support the alleged relationship unless DNA testing results prove otherwise.

When DNA testing proves the alleged relationship, the Home Office usually concedes the application; however, in some cases, the Home Office has specific guidelines as to their treatment. This applies to cases when the child is related to only one of the parents, or is not related to them at all.

The immigration law treats a case where a child is related only to one of the parents differently. Treatment will depend on whether the child is related to the mother or to the father.

When the child is revealed to be the biological child of the father but not the mother, the Home Office usually seeks an explanation from the family on the following issues:

Providing that the father is not in a polygamous marriage, has exercised the sole responsibility for the child’s upbringing, and the child’s mother is not seeking entry to the UK, the application is usually conceded by the Home Office.

When the child is related only to the mother, the situation is again different. This is a very delicate case and is usually handled with great sensitivity as the child may be illegitimate and the father may not be aware (even if he saw the DNA report). The impact of a disclosure of adultery could be disastrous for the woman. If the child has been brought up as child of the family he or she is usually admitted.

If DNA testing results indicate that the child is unrelated to the claimant, there may still be grounds for the Home Office to concede the application. If there is evidence that the child has been brought up as a member of the family he or she may be qualified for admission as de facto adopted child. In cases where the child is not a biological child of the parents but is related to them, the child may qualify as a dependant of a relative other than a parent.

DNA technology has significantly improved from the times when it was discovered, and now DNA testing has become a gold standard for cases where the relationship between people needs to be determined. Since 1985, thousands of children have been legally admitted to the UK and hundreds of families have been reunited. This can be largely attributed to Sir Alec Jeffreys’ discovery of DNA fingerprinting 20 years ago.

Jet lag is a common sleep disorder suffered by many millions of travelers every day, whether traveling on business or for pleasure. In one recent survey of international business travelers, seventy four percent of those questioned said that they suffered frequently from jet lag.

Jet lag affects people of all ages, although its symptoms vary widely from person to person and tend to be more severe the older you get. Jet lag symptoms also tend to be worse if you are already suffering sleeping difficulties in advance of traveling.

Jet lag also increases with the number of time zones crossed during your journey. If the time difference between your starting point and destination is just two or three hours, then you are likely to experience little or no jet lag. However, once your journey extends across more than three time zones you will begin to experience the symptoms of jet lag, which will tend to worsen as the number of time zones increases.

So what causes jet lag?

Jet lag is caused by a significant and rapid change in time zones which result in a difference between the local time and the time recorded by your body’s internal clock.

Let’s say that you leave London at 11 o’clock on a Monday morning flying to Bangkok. The flight lasts twelve hours and you arrive in Bangkok at 11 o’clock that same evening London time. However, because you have flown across several time zones the local time in Bangkok is five o’clock on Tuesday morning.

By the time you’ve cleared immigration and customs and taken a taxi to your hotel, it’s probably getting on for seven thirty in the morning and breakfast is being served at the hotel. However, as far as your internal body clock is concerned, it’s still only one thirty in the morning and your body wants nothing more than to crawl into bed.

Your body contains its own internal clock which takes its time from the environment responding to such things as temperature, humidity and, most importantly, the normal daily change from daylight to darkness. These environmental factors cause your own body clock to run, much like your mantle clock, on a series of twenty four cycles, often referred to as your body’s circadian rhythms.

Much as our lives are controlled by time today, your body clock is also responsible for many of your body’s functions. In particular, your body clock tells your body when it is time to shut down for sleep and when it is time to wake up and start the day’s activities.

By flying across several time zones and placing your body clock out balance with local time you upset the whole rhythm of your day, giving rise to such things as problems sleeping at night, staying awake during the day and eating when you wouldn’t normally eat. This, in turn, leads to jet lag.

Copyright 2005 Donald Saunders – http://help-me-to-sleep.com

by Al Loy

U.S. Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas), Chairman of the Immigration, Border Security and Citizenship subcommittee, and U.S. Sen. Jon Kyl (R-Ariz.), Chairman of the Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security subcommittee, introduced comprehensive border security and immigration reform legislation on Tuesday.

The Comprehensive Enforcement and Immigration Reform Act of 2005 will, S.1438, dramatically strengthen enforcement, bolster border security, and comprehensively reform our immigration laws. The key components of the bill include enhanced border security and interior enforcement, employer accountability, and reform that addresses temporary workers and the current illegal population.

Following is a summary of the bill:

Border Enforcement and Visa Security
• Authorizes sufficient resources, including 10,000 Border Patrol Agents (same figure as Intelligence Reform bill, with monthly reports to Congress on progress made in hiring and deploying the agents) and 1,250 new Customs and Border Protection Officers (working at ports of entry). Authorizes $5 billion over 5 years for accompanying technology (e.g. cameras and sensors) and infrastructure (e.g. stations and checkpoints), to stop illegal border crossing
• Expands and improves Expedited Removal, which provides a streamlined means of removing aliens who are clearly ineligible to enter the U.S. Authorizes $50 million over 5 years
• Strengthens US-VISIT entry-exit system to better track and identify aliens who enter the country and those who fail to depart
• Increases the bond amount for aliens from noncontiguous countries
• Cancels all visas in the possession of an alien if he or she fails to depart U.S. at end of stay
• Authorizes $50 million over 5 years in grants for American Indian Tribes on border adversely affected by illegal immigration.
Strengthening Interior Enforcement and Leveraging State and Local Law Resources
• Provides the Department of Homeland Security with 10,000 detention beds over 5 years to eliminate the release of illegal aliens into the country
• Clarifies State and local authority to enforce federal immigration laws
• Expands Institutional Removal Program to identify criminal aliens in federal and state correctional facilities and remove them upon completion of their sentences
• Authorizes $4.45 billion to reimburse states and counties for costs related to the incarceration of criminal illegal aliens and $200 million each year for the costs of processing criminal illegal immigrants through local criminal justice systems
• Authorizes 1,000 smuggling and status violations investigators over 5 years (200 more per year than Intelligence Reform bill)
• Authorizes 250 additional DOJ immigration judges and 500 DHS trial attorneys over 5 years
• Allows the Department of Homeland Security to expeditiously remove aliens who were previously deported and then reentered illegally
• Increases penalties for alien smuggling, document fraud, drug trafficking and gang violence
• Establishes new Assistant Attorney General in the Department of Justice to oversee immigration enforcement and litigation, to ensure high level DOJ attention and accountability Worksite Enforcement
• Authorizes 10,000 additional agents over 5 years to investigate employers who hire illegal aliens. Also 1,000 new investigators over 5 years to detect fraud in application process
• Increases the penalties for unauthorized employment of aliens, social security fraud and false claims to citizenship
• Requires within one year issuance of secure machine-readable, tamper-resistant Social Security cards
• Closes loopholes in identity theft by establishing minimum standards for state-issued birth certificates
• Requires within one year that all new hires participate in a Social Security-based electronic employment eligibility verification system
• Assists employers by reducing the number of documents that workers may present to establish identity and employment authorization

Obligations of Participating Countries
• Requires countries to enter into bilateral agreement with U.S. government before the nationals of the country are allowed to participate in a temporary worker visa program or Mandatory Departure status
• Requires aliens to have a minimum level of health coverage, which can be provided by the participating country, the alien or the employer
• Encourages countries to provide housing incentives for returning workers
• Requires participating country to:
1) Cooperate in efforts to control illegal immigration
2) Immediately accept return of nationals who are ordered removed from the U.S.
3) Work with U.S. to reduce gang violence, human trafficking and smuggling
4) Provide access to databases and information on criminal aliens and terrorists Temporary Worker Program
• Establishes new visa category that allows aliens to enter the U.S. to work temporarily when there are no available U.S. workers
• Limits the period of visa to two years, after which the alien must return home for one year. Alien may participate up to three times (for a total of 6 years of employment in the U.S.)
• Requires completion of background checks, health screening and issuance of biometric documentation to participating aliens
• Establishes a Temporary Worker Task Force to prepare a report on the effect of the temporary worker program on wages and employment of U.S. workers, which would then form basis of cap
• Family members may visit principal worker in the U.S. for no longer than 30 days within a given year

Mandatory Departure and Reentry in Legal Status
• Allows aliens who are present in the U.S. illegally to apply for Mandatory Departure, which enables them time to depart the United States voluntarily and reenter the country through normal legal channels (e.g. as temporary worker)
• Aliens granted Mandatory Departure status are ineligible to obtain permanent resident status (i.e. green card) while in the U.S. – they must depart and reenter through normal legal channels
• Aliens are registered, fingerprinted, and checked against all available criminal/terrorist lists
• Aliens are issued secure, biometric identity documentation. The documents will function as identity documents and employers will use document readers to verify identity and employment authorization
• Provides incentives for aliens to depart the United States immediately, but all aliens are required to depart prior to five years
• Aliens who return to home country within a short period of time may quickly reenter through legal channels as a temporary worker and are not required to spend up to 10 years outside of the country
• Aliens who fail to depart are ineligible for any other immigration benefit for a period of ten years

Circular Migration and Visa Backlog Reduction
• Creates temporary worker investment funds to encourage aliens to return home
• Reduces visa backlog waiting times by allowing the recapture of unused visa numbers and terminating the Diversity Visa Program.

Find more articles about immigration at LawyerIntl .com articles

Since its discovery 20 years ago, the use of DNA for human identity and relationship testing has emerged as a powerful tool in both civil and criminal justice systems. DNA testing can reveal whether two or more individuals are related as well as determining the nature of their relationship. Today, it is possible to identify people by a single hair, as well as obtain information about their gender and ethnic background, and, within the next couple of years, identify their age.

Before the advent of DNA testing, human identity testing was largely carried out through blood typing. DNA analysis has now superseded blood testing and is the most accurate method currently available for human identification.

The possibility that DNA could be used for human identity and relationship testing had been discussed from the time DNA was first revealed as the molecule which makes people unique. Yet, it was not until the discovery of DNA fingerprinting by Prof. Alec Jeffreys (now Sir Alec) of Leicester University in 1984 when the first practical testing system became available. As with conventional fingerprinting, where various loops and whorls are compared between two fingerprints, DNA testing relies on comparing certain DNA features called DNA markers between two individuals. If DNA patterns between the samples are identical, then they are likely to come from the same person. If the profiles are not identical but big similarities are observed, then the samples most probably come from related individuals. The degree of the similarity between DNA profiles is a representation of the degree of relatedness between people.

Currently, DNA testing is routinely used for both criminal and non-criminal applications. However there is a major difference between DNA testing for civil and for criminal cases. For civil cases, DNA testing is predominantly used to determine relationship between individuals while for criminal cases a crime scene stain has to be matched to the suspect.

In non-criminal legal practice, DNA testing is used primarily for immigration and child support cases. In 2004, more than 7,000 DNA tests were conducted for these purposes in the UK. Where no reliable documentary evidence is available, DNA testing can assist in determining varying degrees of relatedness between individuals concerned, as well as individual’s ethnic background.

The first time DNA testing was used for identity purposes was in the landmark immigration case Sarbah vs. Home Office (1985). In this case, DNA testing was used to prove the mother-son relationship between Christiana Sarbah and her son Andrew. Now, the Home Office accepts DNA testing as a virtually unquestionable proof of relatedness. The results will normally (although not invariably) provide conclusive evidence as to whether individuals in question are related as alleged.

UK Child Support Agency extensively uses DNA testing for establishing who the biological parent of the child is for purposes of providing child maintenance and support. Child support is one the main areas of non-criminal DNA testing.

Child adoption is another area where DNA testing is widely applied. Currently, UK adoption agencies adopt children into families which match their ethnic background. Sometimes, it is difficult to determine the ethical background of the child and here DNA testing can help. People of different races and ethnic groups have common facial and other features which are typical for this particular race or group. The same is also true for their genetic characteristics. Various racial and ethnic groups have genetic markers specific to these groups. When analysing these markers, it is possible to tell the proportion of individual’s ancestors who came from specific ethnic groups. It is, however, impossible to pinpoint at what stage the particular ancestors contributed their DNA and also their number. For example, the results of ethnicity DNA testing can show that an individual has 20% of markers specific to northern Europe, 50% to the Middle East, 10% to the Mediterranean and 20% to sub-Saharan Africa. Using this information the family with the closest ethnicity to the child can be chosen.

Although charged with the security of national borders by the "supreme" law of the land, Congress has pursued open door policies over the past century or longer. When lawmakers subvert the law they create, by deliberate non enforcement, they surrender all legal and moral authority to compel you and me to uphold their never ending laws. They encourage and allow the continuous daily invasion of this nation by those who understand American law amounts to window dressing. Now we are faced with a situation where Congressional criminals demand that citizens make life difficult for the guests they invite and encourage. If an employer of undocumented workers cannot win this case in court, it can only be the courts are as criminal as Congress itself. Do as we say, not as we do.

Illegal immigration is nearly as good for business as war. If we could choose one or the other, I would prefer the immigration. But this is America so we do both. If we could only admit whatever is good for business is good for everyone, we could end all the hypocrisy. We could all admit we serve money while pretending to serve God and humanity. We could all work for a dollar per day and fairly compete with workers all over the world. Of course, professionals and politicians would receive ten dollars per day to encourage sixteen or twenty years of education and indoctrination, just as we do now.

Let's end the hypocrisy. Let's throw the national doors open to any who want to live and work here. Let us make citizens of all who desire citizenship. However, if the hypocrisy is more profitable to business than an official open door policy, give us more. When corrupt and criminal government fails, as it always does, the undocumented worker will teach us how to feed ourselves and prosper in the cash economy. I swear there is an up side to every stupid rule. We only need patience to see and apply it. The region where I live is literally and figuratively hot. Migrants are filling the land from the North and the South. No matter what happens in Detroit or New York, boom times are here to stay in my neighborhood.

On 4 May, 2005, John Kyl, U.S. Congressman, appeared on public television telling Arizonans the important thing to remember about border security is; it is possible - which is to say, it remains possible for Congress to obey the law. The comfort I took from his message lasted only until I realized this law would be obeyed by Congress only at the expense of many long political careers no Congress people intend to sacrifice. After all, it is also possible to prevent people from flying airplanes into buildings. Possibility offers small comfort in the face of status quo. So long as people accept the politics of hypocrisy as normal, possibilities are irrelevant.

The long waiting time to get a Driving Test Appointment here in Ireland is of course the responsibility of the Department of Transport. Or is it? It is so easy to blame your Government for every ill that assails us, but let’s look at the real reasons for the delay.
There are many factors leading to the incredible waiting time for Driving Test.

1.Demographics --- here in Ireland we have a very high proportion of the population in the age group 17 to 30 which is the prime time for learning to drive.


2.Immigration --- As a result of our new-found prosperity: Celtic Tiger Economy and all that, we are not only attracting back expatriates but we have become flavor of the month for those looking to find a new life from both the European bloc and further distant countries. Since the accession of 10 new States to the EU during 2004 there are numerous ethnic groups wending their way to Ireland. Most of these families will ultimately be in a position to own cars and the children of these families will also aspire to drive when they are old enough.


3.Government Legislation --- introduced in JAN.2003,as part of EU Directives ,has led to a large chunk of drivers being forced to sit a Driving Test instead of being happy to drive on a provisional license for upwards of 25 years! In the lead up to this legislation, on one day alone, upwards of 8000 applications were received by the Driver Testing Section.


4.Candidates failing to turn up. Many Test candidates just don’t turn up at all. A recent grapevine comment from a Driving Tester indicated that four of his first six appointments on one day failed to show.


5.Cars not being up to the required Standard---Despite an extensive two page list of requirements on the Day, which is sent with all Test Appointments, cars are still being turned down .Some of the most common faults are :- Faulty Brake Lights; Cracked Windscreens; Faded and unreadable Insurance Discs; Poor Tyres.


6.Novice Drivers Unprepared---Learner Drivers are to a greater degree not taking adequate Driving Lessons. The result of this is a high first time failure rate. Lack of practice, in addition to Lessons is also contributing to candidates having to re- sit the Test.


7.Driving Test standards and requirements unknown---The changes due to recent Legislation will not always be known unless the candidate takes the trouble to enroll with a professional Driving School. Recently introduced on 14th February 2005 are the Technical checks which require a candidate to know their way around under the Bonnet (hood).


8.Cancellations ---Obviously there will be genuine reasons for last minute cancellations such as family problems, health problems and so on but there are too many cancellations from pupils who are chickening out at the last moment .A recent candidate told me that her car had been stolen twice and of course hiring a Driving School car for a Test at the last moment is not an advisable course of action. Getting used to strange car is not something that you can do in just a few minutes.


9.Overconfidence---It is a myth that the longer you are driving the better you become. If a learner Driver hasn’t been taught the basics and some more advanced skills at the start of their driving career they will very quickly pick up poor techniques and habits which will be difficult to rectify at short notice.


10.Learning to Drive with Mum, Dad, Boyfriend, Girlfriend.--- Many Adult Drivers have never taken a Driving Test, particularly those over 60 years of age and are not equipped to teach their offspring. In fact a high proportion of Adult Drivers exhibit such disregard for the basic Rules of the Road that they shouldn’t be permitted to be behind the wheel themselves, much less try to teach their children.

The Emancipation Proclamation Lie:

Why does the Immigration Department insist on asking the question who freed the slaves and saying it was Lincoln? Do you think Lincoln was in a position to free the slaves in the South? Perhaps he was but that was never settled in court and it was the matter of Civil War, in part. He did not free the slaves in the North where he actually was legally entitled to make such a Proclamation. This kind of management of public perception is almost considered wise by people when they learn that it is not true. They say things like ‘We need our heroes’.

If we need to lie about liars and racists or otherwise keep our heads in dark places and eat what mushrooms eat, how will we address the opportunities to stop fighting over the One Pie? How will we make more pies on other planets and who will own those planets or get the gene therapy to extend life to a potential of 900 years? Who thinks that sentient robots with human brain contents dumped therein (Stanford 1999) will be better workers and who will have jobs? Why work at any job that can be done by a robot? Has our education system been creating thinkers who can create the vast potential inherent in new technology and space colonization?

When General Fremont freed the slaves in Missouri he was upbraided by Lincoln and rather than telling lies about Lincoln freeing slaves I think the schools and Immigration Department should have people read the Lincoln-Douglas debates where he makes it clear that he is a racist. I know some people try to say Fremont did not free the slaves so I will give you a quote from people I agree with and a link to the information you might want to check into.

“’The property, real and personal, of all persons in the State of Missouri who shall take up arms against the United States, and who shall be directly proven to have taken active part with their enemies in the field, is declared to be confiscated to the public use, and their slaves, if they have any, are hereby declared free.’

It has been stated by some of the papers that in thus pronouncing the emancipation of the slaves of rebels General Fremont was only carrying out the Act known as the Confiscating Act passed by Congress at the extra session. An examination of that act will, however, show that its provisions do not warrant the step taken by the General.” (1)
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1861/september/slave-proclamation.htm

HillarysVillage.com

Fearful that terrorists will next target Australia, Prime Minister John Howard broke the silence this week. He reopened the debate on issuing mandated national ID cards.

Those who live topside and think that internal political decisions made down under will have little bearing on our lives, should think again.

A national ID system in Australia will do more than raid that nation of personal liberty. It will set a precedent to be followed by the rest of the world.

So what's the big deal?

Once the national ID card is adopted in Australia, its effectiveness in curbing terrorism, illegal immigration and host of other social ills will be realized. That will make for an easy sell to Americans, Europeans and others weary of what ails society. The national ID will be seen as a quick fix.

The logical progression will lead to an international interlink between nations. An international ID card will be established. Then, to thwart card theft, the business-card sized documents will be replaced with permanent IDs: computer chips implanted in the hand (for convenience) and the forehead (for permanence).

Once established, implanted IDs will lend themselves for other conveniences, such as biotechnical debit cards and health histories.

So long to liberty

Implanted IDs will be effective. They will do wonders to end terrorism, tax evasion, kidnapping, money laundering and even purse snatching. With the exception of the cumbersome act of bartering, implanted IDs will be required for commerce of any kind. No ID implant? No buying and no selling.

While international IDs will provide a panache of benifits, they will also end personal liberty as we know it. And that, many believe, will be a fair exchange.

End of national sovereignty

The move toward internationalism is not new. What is new is a report issued recently by the Council on Foreign Relations. Like John Howard's quest to fend off terrorism, the CFR says terrorism can be held at bay if the Americas will form a coalition similar to the European Union.

Called "Building a North American Community," the plan calls for a "community" (rather than "union") of nations. It also mandates that national borders be replaced with "common perimeters".

Those who believe Americans would never agree to such a blantant abandon of national sovereignty will be surprised to know that conversative Republican George W. Bush has already agreed to the plan. Along with Mexican president Vincent Fox and Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin, Bush committed the government to the CFR plan on March 23, 2005. That, you will remember, is that date that Bush, Fox and Martin met at Bush's ranch and at Waco, Texas.

What a plan!

In addition to effectively erasing national borders, the plan calls for American taxpayers to provide the following:

• "Long-term loans in pesos" to shore up Mexico's economy
• A North American Investment Fund to send U.S. private capital to Mexico.
• A "permanent tribunal [ie, court] for North American dispute resolution." (And you thought the Supreme Court's decisions were painful.)
• "Social Security Totalization Agreement negotiated between the United States and Mexico." That is, illegal immigrants living in the United States and will benefit from the Social Security system, a virtual guarantee of the its collapse.
• A fund to finance 60,000 Mexican students to study in U.S. colleges.

The move in Australia to impose a national ID system on that nation's citizens will get little press attention in America, Europe or elsewhere. But once affected and proven effective, Australia's national ID program will be one more step toward internationalism, the demise of national sovereignty and an end to personal liberty.

And it's all sold as an antidote for terrorism.

The Protocol plan 'will remain invisible until the moment when it has gained such strength that no cunning can any longer undermine it.' (Protocol 1) {Gardner's 1999 book and those of Barrett and the Blandford Publishers would seem to make it no longer "invisible”!}

-'Wars, so far as possible, should not result in territorial gains.' (Protocol 2)

-'(The) minds (of the masses) must be diverted toward industry and trade. Thus, all the nations will be swallowed up in the pursuit of gain and.. .will not take note of their common foe.' (Protocol 14)

-'We shall create an intensified centralization of government,' (Protocol 5) '… we must develop (a) Super-Government by representing it as the Protector and Benefactor of all those who voluntarily submit… {Remember Hobbes, see LEVIATHAN entry.}...We shall soon begin to establish huge monopolies... '(Protocol 6)

-'The intensification of armaments, the increase of police forces... (so that) in all the States of the world, besides ourselves, (there will be) only the masses of the proletariat, {With the non-lethal weapons and mind control psy-ops weapons developed in the last two decades the police and other enforcement of secret agencies under a variety of guises have expanded. Immigration, PATRIOT ACT or Mental hygiene, psychological teams in schools, medical use of drugs, tax collectors [There were no income taxes when these Protocols were written.] and a whole host of investigation and environmental or regulatory bodies have generated massive readjustments and further bureaucratization. Even the computer security has dual and multiple affects that allow major invasions of freedoms often only imagined in the annals of human culture. Soon the use of human body parts, genes and dumping of artificial and other implanted knowledge will occur directly.} a few millionaires devoted to our interests, police, and soldiers.' (Protocol 7)

-'We shall put (government power) in the hands of persons whose past and reputations are such that between them and the people lies an abyss, {E.g. South America and the Nazis, or Bush family} persons who, in case of disobedience to our instructions, must face criminal charges...' (Protocol 8)

-'We have fooled, bemused and corrupted the youth of the (masses) by rearing them in principles and theories which are known to us to be false... '(Protocol 9)

-'We shall destroy among the (masses) the importance of the family and its educational value.' (Protocol 10)

-'We have invented this whole policy and insinuated it into the minds of the (masses)... {Their early Greco Roman success and the patristic/Abrahamic 'baby-factories' is a precursor that when joined with 'The Original Sin' of Augustine made huge inroads of family ability to nurture each other. Women weren't allowed by law to become educated much less own things.} to obtain in a roundabout way what is... unattainable by the direct road... It is this which has served as the basis for our organization of secret masonry which is not known to, and aims which are not even so much as suspected by, these... cattle, attracted by us into the 'Show' army of Masonic Lodges in order to throw dust in the eyes of their fellows' (Protocol 11)

-What is the part played by the press today?... It serves selfish ends... It is often vapid, unjust, mendacious and the majority of the public have not the slightest idea what ends the press really serves. We shall saddle and bridle it with a tight curb Not a single announcement will reach the public without our control...'(Protocol 12)

-'The need for daily bread forces the (masses) to keep silent and be our humble servants In order that the masses themselves may not guess what they are about we further distract them with amusements, games, pastimes, passions, {The use of gambling and drugs or other addictions like lotteries and bingo.} people's palace (no TV at that time). Soon we shall begin through the press to propose competitions in art, in sports of all kinds...'(Protocol 13)

-'It will be undesirable for us that there should exist any other religion than ours… We must therefore sweep away all other forms of belief.' (Protocol 14) 'Freedom of conscience has been declared every- where, so that now only years divide us from the moment of the complete wrecking of that Christian religion, as to other religions we shall have less difficulty in dealing with them.'(Protocol 17)

{Add to this, the foundational support of science and guidance to academia that we showed in the case of Rockefeller and Yale interests.}

-'When we at last definitely come into our kingdom by the aid of 'coups d'etat' prepared everywhere for one and the same day...we shall make it our task to see that against us such things as plots shall no longer exist. {The success of monopolistic and imperialistic or economic [Fed, IMF etc.] made a unification unwarranted but what about space colonization and gene therapy or other technology they didn't have at their disposal?} With this purpose we shall slay without mercy all who take arms in hand to oppose our coming... Anything like a secret society will also be punishable with death..."(Protocol 15)

{The Gestapo had a lot of citizen help and the Nazis of Germany would be impressed with the denial of citizens going on today. There are strong indicators of major dependencies which lead away from freedom and people aren't even aware they aren't free due to the legalization and forced attendance at school not in existence in the time these ideas were formulated.} -'In our program one-third of (the masses) will keep the rest under observation from a sense of duty, on the principle of volunteer service to the State. {Machiavelli might say giving people perceived power to inform on others appeals to a lot of basic human urges.} It will be no disgrace to be a spy and informer, but a merit... how else (are) we to. .. increase… disorders?' (Protocol 17) 'Sedition-mongering is nothing more than the yapping of a lap-dog at an elephant... In order to destroy the prestige of heroism, for political crime we shall send it for trial in the category of thieving, murder and every kind of abominable and filthy crime. {The invocation of National Interest, increase in mutiny of the sea, fomentation of racial prejudices and the like served well for a century or more.} Public opinion will then... brand it with the same contempt.' (Protocol 19) 'Until (dissenters) commit some overt act we shall not lay a finger on them but only introduce into their midst observation elements...' (Protocol 18)

{The use of the Weathermen by J. Edgar Hoover was a fine example of this kind of management and encouragement to create a whipping dog to keep others from questioning whether the government was fair and open to criticism. Then they were brought down from within.}

Later Protocols deal with finances. Protocol 20 called for general taxation, 'the lawful confiscation of all sums of every kind for the regulation of their circulation in the State.' This would be followed by a 'progressive tax on property' and then finally a graduated income tax, a 'tax increasing in a percentage ratio to capital' as well as taxes on sales, 'receipt of money', inheritance, and property transfers. {The lack of actual taxes paid by the very rich allows further question. For example Rupert Murdoch is able to get preferred status by the creation of Congressional allowances just for him. Donations to the agencies of the Masons or churches are tax free and the investment in certain things they wanted allowed tax avoidance.} There was a discussion of 'the substitution of interest-bearing paper:' money since 'Economic crises have been produced by us... by no other means than the withdrawal of money from circulation.'

The Protocols also discuss at great length - loans, which it states 'hang like a sword of Damocles over the heads of rulers, who, instead of taking from their subjects by a temporary tax, come begging with outstretched palm to our bankers.'…

Despite their dubious origin, the Protocols were taken seriously by many powerful people, including Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II, Russia's Czar Nicholas II, and American industrialist Henry Ford, who used them to persuade the U.S. Senate not to join President Wilson's League of Nations.

The Ochrana's plan worked a bit too well. A counterrevolution took place and pogroms against Russian Jews were instituted by vigilantes called 'The Black Guard', incensed by the Czarist propaganda. Continuing instability and violence finally resulted in the 1905 Russian Revolution, during which the Protocols again were trotted out by pro-czarist elements to inflame the public.

Hitler saw the Protocols as a real proclamation despite the evidence of fabrication. In Mein Kampf he wrote, 'They are supposed to be a 'forgery' the Frankfurter Zeitung moans and cries out to the world once a week; the best proof that they are genuine after all... But the best criticism applied to them is reality. He who examines the historical development of the past hundred years, from the points of view of this book (the Protocols), will also immediately understand the clamor of the Jewish press. For once this book has become the common property of a people, the Jewish danger is bound to be considered as broken.'

As we all know that the legal industry is one of the most competitive industry today. Larger law firms often invest good portion in their marketing department to make sure that they are always in the public eye. Now with the help of Internet, Small law firms can reach out to public and give a good impression about their firm.

Here are some of the marketing tips that could be useful:

1. Create a website with your own domain name (i.e. www.yourname.com). Do not go for a one page profile that many sites offer with sub domain name (i.e. yourname.somesite.com). These days creating and maintain a small site is cheaper than ever. You could have someone create your site for $100-$300 and host it for $5-$10 per month.

2. Make sure the site looks professional and user friendly. I recommend studying some of the related sites on the Internet before having someone create yours.

3. Submit your site to all major search engines such as Google, MSN, AOL, Yahoo, iWon, Ask.com, Excite. Most traffic come from these top Search Engines. You don’t have to submit your site to thousands of search engines. Try to do manual submit to these Search Engines.

4. Make sure your business card has your website address (URL) and your email address (you@yoursite.com).

5. Try Pay-Per-Click (PPC) advertising campaign on Google or Overture (Yahoo) with as low as $0.10 per click. Make sure to use targeted keywords in these campaigns rather than generic. For Immigration services in Los Angeles, CA, “Immigration lawyer in Los Angeles” keyword would be more effective than “Immigration” or “Lawyer” keywords.

6. Find local community websites and advertise your banner on their website. These sites are cheaper and more effective since most people visiting the sites are local.

7. Make sure to keep your site up-to-date with the current information. List your achievements on your website. Ask your clients to give feedback and ask them if it is ok post them on the website.

Yesterday, London was hit by a series of explosions to the transport system. A number of people have lost their lives and there are numerous wounded. This barbaric act, another one in this mad world of ours, has hit hard – none more so than the Londoner and the Brit.

I called my mother yesterday, checked that all was okay. I did the normal things in life during such times, I worried and checked.
This morning I switched on the news, CNN are calling it “Terror in London” – a catchy title! It looks like they are giving it twenty-four hour coverage! But it was when I switched on my computer to pick up the mornings emails, I realized that so many people in this world are supersonic fast in benefiting themselves through tragedy! One of the emails that I received was from an Immigration Consultancy Firm in Canada called ACIC and the email was signed by a Russell Monsurate. He said:
To everyone we have come to know at ACIC:
We would like to express our sorrow and sympathy for those who have just experienced a very barbaric and unprovoked attack in London this morning, July 7, 2005. This was an attack not just on the United Kingdom, but on the civilized people of the world.
As Canadians we hope we speak for our country when we say our support is with those who are suffering through this trying time and with the government of Britain in their investigation into this matter. In the end justice will prevail.
I live in Taiwan. I am from Scotland; I have not been home for nearly three years! I recall in the dim past that I once had the idea of moving to Canada and that I filled out an application form for ACIC but I am sure that nobody at the firm ever came close to “knowing me”! Why would anybody on this planet want to send me an unsolicited email like the one above? It is neither the time nor place for Canadian Immigration Lawyers to send spam like emails when the British are trying to cope and return to life as they once knew it!

Further to this I had another email from a publisher requesting use of an article that I wrote on “how to cope with stress” and using a reason for requesting this piece as follows:

“In light of the recent London tragedy, as well as the ongoing tragedies of kidnapping and child abduction, our first reference will focus on "stress reduction."

Didn’t take you long to get off the mark! In fact the email I received from these publishers was written and sent in less than twelve hours after the actual explosions occurred in London. That must have been a straight rush to the computer that one ………… frightening stuff!

I expect in the next few days that I will receive many more like those mentioned above but at least they waited a day or two before jumping on the wagon!

Marriage and U.S. Citizenship

An extremely common practice in the USA is for an American citizen (or legal permanent resident) to have a spouse who is a foreign national. When this happens, the citizen most often desires that their spouse shares in the same opportunities and privileges they have as an American citizen. The process of securing a green card for the spouse is a long and complicated process, and can take anywhere from a couple months to several years. When seeking a green card for a spouse there are two options that one can take.

Because spouses of U.S. citizens are considered an “immediate relative,’ they can apply for a green card without the traditional waiting period. It takes around ten months for the application to be reviewed but while they are waiting, the spouse can usually obtain a work permit in about a month’s time.

A spouse of a legal permanent resident of the U.S. can apply for a green card, but the waiting period is much longer and in addition, the spouse is subject to annual quotas. One of the primary sources of investigation is the nation of origin.

If your application for citizenship takes longer than expected don’t worry. Immigration is a very time consuming process and many times you are treated as a number and not an individual. By consulting an experienced immigration lawyer you can make your case stand out. Contact an experienced immigration lawyer today!

Part I of this article listed all the things that you, an outsourcer, must do in preparation for a trip to India. It saw you up to the airport on your day of departure.

Now you’re on the plane and you’ve had dinner; your eyes close as you drift into sleep, to dream of maharajas, elephants and computer geeks…

After sailing the skies for an interminably long time, you finally arrive in the Indian subcontinent. Hot, humid air surrounds you as you disembark from the aircraft; flocks of parrots and other exotic birds streak by overhead.

Immigration takes anything between 10 and 90 minutes depending on the inflow of passengers... it pays to move fast and get a good position in the line.

Customs is usually a breeze, since the officers are only after the big offenders (and hopefully you’re not one of them!). They usually wave foreign citizens right by since they know these visitors are potential customers.

Incidentally, from the moment you entered the terminal, surveillance has been on, but since it's hidden, you've no idea it's in place.

If you now walk straight out of the terminal, voracious taxi drivers will descend upon you en masse, much like vultures on an African kill, after which they will proceed to confuse and destroy your thinking process in their attempt to sell you a ride.

So don't venture outside unprotected. Buy a controlled-rate coupon inside the terminal at the 'prepaid taxi' counter for a taxi ride to your hotel. The salesperson will also assign a taxi and driver to you.

The prepaid taxi coupon is your body armor against those unregulated taxi-drivers... they will not come near you when they see that slip of paper in your hands. You can walk to your taxi without fear of attack.

Once you're at your hotel, you're in safe hands, because indeed, Indian business hotels are havens for travellers. Their managements are seriously concerned about guests' well-being and comfort; their environs are restful and healing.

Knock back your welcome drink and decompress. Once that’s done, gently channel your thoughts towards acquiring a vital necessity: a mobile phone with GSM connectivity.

If you are a seasoned traveller, you will have a 'tri-band' mobile, in which case all you have to do is buy a SIM card and a prepaid connection, which will cost you about US$35 (as of 2005) including nearly 250 minutes of talk time.

If you don't have a tri-band, buy an inexpensive GSM mobile for about $45 in addition to a SIM card. SIM cards and phones are available at any of the myriad phone shops in any Indian metropolis; your concierge will tell you where the nearest one is.

Take this advice on mobiles very seriously... one cannot stress how important it is... I’ll be you $10 you’ll thank me for it later!

Inaugurate your new phone by calling the vendor you came to see. Get to the vendor's office by car (yours or theirs, as long as it has air conditioning); other means of transport like auto rickshaws may look exciting but will likely result in a missed appointment...

When at the vendor's place, look for:

* Capacity: (workstations and people);
* Supervisory arrangements: (floor managers, project leaders, group heads);
* Security: (controlled physical access and password-protected network resources).

Most importantly, meet the person who will be in charge of the project you are thinking of giving the vendor. Is s/he articulate? Tech-savvy? Quality conscious? Deadline oriented? Easy to get along with? Is there a second line to take over if s/he is away?

You must of course also hand over a copy of your RFP and discuss each point in fine detail.

Bear in mind that most often, Indians are formal to begin with. If you invite the key people to a meal, they will be very happy to relate to you on a personal level... this is better for all parties concerned.

Conclude each visit by asking for your quotation within a specified timeframe; encourage the vendor to email you freely regarding any questions s/he may have.

At the end of a visit, ask yourself if you have a good feeling about the interaction. If the answer is an overwhelming “NO!”, you had better strike the vendor off the hopefuls list. For any other answer, keep them in the running.

Follow these steps for all the hopefuls, and do extensive Internet research on the final candidates from the broadband connection in your hotel room.

Great, the business part of your trip is over, it’s time for recreation!

There are many unusual things to see in any Indian city, and you’d best ask your mentor what these are. There’s no point seeing typical big-city sights… look for the ancient or the ethnic (Akbar’s tomb, Kerala waterways or the Hindu temple at Madurai, for instance).

Be careful when deciding what to eat or drink. Only eat in restaurants that are clean by your country's standards; stick to bottled water from reputed companies like Kinley or Aqua Fina. And no matter how badly you may be tempted, do not eat from those small roadside carts and kiosks!

If you want to buy souvenirs to take home, ask your mentor where to shop, else you may very well end up paying twice what you should. Buy things that are not easy to come by in your home country: fine silks, carpets, and most importantly, Indian jewelry, of which only meagre selections are available outside the subcontinent.

So now, replete with silk, gold and an outsourcing vendor shortlist, you're at the end of a memorable journey. Get on a plane, push the seat back and wonder how it all went by so fast.

Dream about how much you’re going to save in costs, the quality improvements you will see, what a good thing you’ve done for your company, and how glad you were that you planned your trip carefully.

You now have valuable knowledge and experience about travelling to India, and might very well soon be recognized as an expert in the subject. Fare thee well, bold traveller, and fearlessly guide all those who may follow in your footsteps…

It wasn’t all that long ago that lenders blatantly discriminated when it came to approving credit for women and minority groups. Women were actually asked personal and demeaning questions like, how many children do you plan to have in the future or are you on birth control?

Despite the fact that they were entering the workforce in record numbers, single women were often required to get a cosigner or denied credit altogether. Members of minority groups were denied credit as well, even though they were fully qualified.

Today thanks to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, millions of consumers from all walks of life are given and equal chance to obtain and use credit to finance educations, buy or remodel homes or get small business loans.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which was passed by congress in 1973 first banned discrimination in credit access on the basis of sex or marital status and was later amended to include race, religion, national origin and age. Of course, this doesn’t mean all consumers who apply for credit get it. Factors such as income, expenses, debt and credit history are considerations for credit worthiness.

But the law protects you when you deal with any creditor who regularly extends credit, including banks, small loan and finance companies, retail and department stores, credit card companies, and credit unions. Anyone involved in granting credit, such as real estate brokers who arrange financing, is covered by the law. Businesses applying for credit also are protected by the law.

When You Apply For Credit, A Creditor May Not.

Discourage you from applying for credit because of your sex, marital status, age, race, national origin, or because you receive public assistance income.

Ask you to reveal your sex, race, national origin, or religion. A creditor may ask you to voluntarily disclose this information, except for religion if you’re applying for a real estate loan. This information helps federal agencies enforce anti discrimination laws. You may be asked about your residence or immigration status.

Ask if you’re widowed or divorced. When permitted to ask marital status, a creditor may only use the terms: married, unmarried, or separated.

Ask about your marital status if you’re applying for a separate, unsecured account. A creditor may ask you to provide this information if you live in community property states, Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Washington. A creditor in any state may ask for this information if you apply for a joint credit account or one secured by property.

Request information about your spouse, except when your spouse is applying for credit with you. Note: your spouse will be allowed to use the credit account. You are relying on your spouse’s income or on alimony or child support income from a former spouse; or if you reside in a community property state.

Inquire about your plans for having or raising children.

Ask if you receive alimony, child support, or separate maintenance payments, unless you’re first told that, you don’t have to provide this information if you won’t rely on these payments to get credit. A creditor may ask if you have to pay alimony, child support, or separate maintenance payments.

A Special Note To Women

A good credit history, a record of how you paid past bills often is necessary to get credit. Unfortunately, this hurts many married, separated, divorced, and widowed women. There are two common reasons women don’t have credit histories in their own names: they lost their credit histories when they married and changed their names, or creditors reported accounts shared by married couples in the husband’s name only.

If you’re married, divorced, separated, or widowed, contact the credit bureaus to make sure all relevant information is in a file under your own name.

To find additional rights you have, what a creditor may not do: when deciding to give you credit or evaluating your income for credit and what to do if you suspect discrimination visit: http://www.creditandyou.com/yourcreditrights.html it’s a free information website!

Maybe I'm getting cynical as I get older or possibly I just know the smell of the perfume coated turd that is "spin". It seems that if nothing else, the government fully understands the working of UK public's mind and utilises every tactic possible to dodge, divert or just plaster over some of the most important liberty issues facing the people of the UK.

People by nature are trusting of their state's authority and this trust is often abused. The UK government sanctioned and helped finance the war in Iraq, in the public's name and with the public's purse. Other than the obvious, one of the major casualties of the coalition was the UN. Castrating the one organisation in a position to challenge any state with sinister ambitions was either a stupendous oversight or stroke of genius. Now any state can decide to act beyond the instruction of its UN peers and refer to past coalition action in its defence. Rejecting the democratic process on the one hand, the coalition is happy to preach freedom and democracy to the Arab States, Russia, North Korea and China.

The public's response to the Prevention of Terrorism Bill earlier in the year met with limited interest. Prevention of Terrorism Bill in its original form amounted to a suspension of habeas corpus, the right to a trial, which has been frozen only a handful of times since it was enshrined in English law in 1679. On one occasion when terrorist suspects were imprisoned without trial, the innocent were deprived of their freedom, while the terrorists were given a huge boost to recruitment. In Northern Ireland in the early 1970s, the policy turned out to be a failure. See Darkening of a nation

More recently the government is proposing the removal of juries in some complex fraud trials. On the face of it there seems to be good reason to debate this proposal in light of the millions of pounds of tax payers money wasted when such cases collapse. However, removing juries in these trials crosses a line that should remain sacred if we wish to hold on to current principles of freedom, liberty and human rights. See Juries face axe in fraud trials

Finally, the House of Lords took the crusty sheen off the governments "Entitlement Card" by renaming it the "ID Card". On the face of it, the ID Card has sound benefits. Some of the official uses of the card and national database include: national security, prevention or detection of crime, enforcement of immigration controls, enforcement of prohibitions on unauthorised working or employment, securing the efficient and effective provision of public services. However, although the concept may have been based on the best intentions, it offers ample opportunity to become a Pandora’s Box. Most people have reservations based on cost and the government's answer at the moment is to place a "Cap" on the price so as not to put people off the idea. However, like many other schemes aimed at reducing the burden on the public's purse, the government will no doubt slip the same money out of the public's back pocket.

Consider how new technology is currently being discussed, extend it with just a little imagination and you might see some of the following appear in the near future:

Governments Vision:
Your car transmits its position, time and speed using current satellite technology to bring about an age of pay as you go car tax.

or possibly:
Instant Speed Fines, Congestion charges in all cities, Peak time charges, to the penny expense claims enforcement for company car employees.

Governments Vision:
ID cards to prevent prohibitions on unauthorised working or employment

or possibly:
The week you are taking off sick is being traced by your employer via the government database. It seems that your visit to the Gym, Pub, Bookies, Garden Centre, Lake District, Golf Coarse etc is going to be causing you some embarrassment in the meeting on Monday.

You may sneer, but remember when personal phones with a face on a television were just seen on "Space 1999"... or is that just me?

turd (tûrd)

n. Vulgar

A piece of solid excrement.

[Middle English, from Old English tord.]

Bahamas is one of the favorite, hot and evergreen tourist spot. The charisma and the aura of the place are spell- binding. It seems that nature has given it all to this place with its 15 superb and exclusive islands, beaches, and the lovely Bahamians. The location of the place is such that it brings it nearest of al the Caribbean islands. Situated a few miles away from the tip of Florida, Bahamas has everything to mesmerize its visitors.
The two well known islands of this place are–The Out Island and the Nassau or Paradise Island. The Nassau is also the capital of Bahamas. The Out islands are a bunch of several islands like- the Abacos, the Acklins also known as the Crooked Island, the Andros, etc. then there are also breathtaking Brry islands, Bimni, Cat Island with the amazing landscapes, the Exumas famous for scuba dive, fish and the like. The rare West Indian Flamingos can be a treat to the eyes at the Inagua islands; the pulse of romance can be aggravated at the calm, quiet yet beautiful Mayaguana islands. Last but not the least the San Salvador Island that take to a journey into the past when Christopher Columbus first stepped there.

Besides the islands there are horde of soft and sandy beaches with turquoise blue water that make you experience paradise on earth. The most vibrant, active and lively beach is the Cable beach Nassau where you and your kids can take up any activity from snorkeling, scuba diving to bouncing banana boats. The Guana Beach at the Abaco islands has eye catching corals in waters while the Pink Sands beach of Harbour islands are endowed with mystifying pink sand. Along with these there are fine Beach at the Cat Islands, Taino Beach with outstanding oceans, water slides, restaurants at the Freeport. The Stocking Island Beach facilitates you with a rented scooter or bike to explore the beach differently.

Apart from the scenic splendor, Bahamas is also admired for its ecstatic nightlife. The casinos, discos, bars, restaurants all are meant to keep up your spirits even at night. The casinos on the islands of Nassau and Freeport like Atlantis Resort, Marriott Crystal Palace Resort or the Bahamas Princess casino offer you all types of gambling games. Be it slots, Caribbean stud poker, slot machines, roulette etc. the casinos have them all. There are games for kids too at the Atlantis casino situated at the Paradise Island.
The means to Reach Bahamas, the people, the culture and some do’s and don’s-
There are two ways to reach this land of water. You can take either take a plane or the sea route. You can choose amongst a private jet or a relaxing Mailboat, which takes just $35 a trip. Cruise liners are also a pleasant idea to reach Bahamas.

Once you reach the place you might not have problems in interacting for the language spoken there is English. You will start having the wonderful fragrance of the place the moment you step there for Bahamians are too keen to warmly and whole heartedly welcome their guests. The perfect time to go to Bahamas is between September and May when the temperature of the place is around 70 to 75 degrees. Bahamas has something different to offer like its dress codes which is a little strict in the capital but benign at the Out Islands. Most of the Bahamians are West Africans. They are amiable, gentle and generous people who are too social and fun loving.

While heading for this ravishing place, do not forget to bring a photo identification proof besides your passport. It can be your license, Identity card or any such proof. There is an immigration form to be filled before stepping in Bahamas. Your luggage will be carefully checked before you move out of the island. There are several taxes like $15 departure tax, 10% tax for commodities over $600 (the duty free granted merchandise). The currency that runs is Bahamian dollars but US dollars are readily accepted.

So pack your bags and explore the allure of the land of islands and crystal blue beaches---Bahamas.

Are you visiting America for the first time? It is exciting and thrilling isn't

it? Can't blame you for that good feeling because if you have been issued travel

documents to enter the US, you are one of the lucky ones!

Imagine, there are millions of people all around the world who wish to visit the

United States of America but more than two-thirds of those who applied for a US

visa are denied for some reasons! So congratulate yourself that you have your US

visa.

Always remember that having a visa is not the end of your struggle to have one.

It is just the beginning of more thrills ahead. For one thing, as you enter the

United States of America, you will go through the port of entries where

immigration officials will still determine if you can come in through the doors of

the country. If you got your visa fraudulently, you can be caught and be

deported!

If you are coming to the US as a tourist, the immigration officers at the port of

entry will also determine how long you will be granted to stay in the US.

Legally, you are only allowed to stay in the US only on the amount of time you are

granted by the immigrations officers. If you overstay, you become an over staying

alien and would be subject to possible deportation. However, you may apply for an

extension of stay. Your application for extension, however, does not guarantee

approval.

Remember, if you come to the US only as a tourist, you are simply regarded as a

visitor. Having a tourist visa does not grant you a working permit. This means

that a tourist is never allowed to work anywhere in the US.

Since you are visiting the US as a tourist, enjoy your vacation as there are lots

of places to go where you will really enjoy. When you go places, if you have a

credit card, you can make an online hotel

reservations. All you need is an access to a computer with internet access.

If you plan to have long travels within the US, public transportation is available

either by bus or air transportation. In the US mainland, the Greyhound Bus

Company provides interstate bus transportation. The only exception is if you plan

to go to Hawaii or Alaska.

If going by air, a lot of airline companies are available. An airline reservations is also possible online. Air travel can bring you to any of the 50 states of the USA.

Well, welcome to America!

---------------------------------------------

A brief travel guide is also available at www.yourcheaphotels.com.

An attorney, judge, prosecutor, or any public defender cannot assume full responsibility over whole phase of legal work. Even with their outstanding and brilliant minds, they still cannot carry on without any assistant. With their hectic and extremely tight schedules, preparation for their legal duties must be given attention by an assistant before they can proceed with the formal proceedings. This is where paralegals come into the scene. And who are these paralegal assistants? These are the persons who had backgrounds in paralegal profession.

First, what is paralegal and who are these paralegal persons? Paralegal is called a profession, which endures most interesting aspects of legal activities like variety of tasks of legal community. Within the bounds of paralegal profession encompasses diverse range of responsibilities, projects, environments, and functions in legal industry. A paralegal may not assume the legal work of the lawyers, however they carry in their own hands tasks such as whole segment of trial preparation or case management. Their key duties include: analyses of documents and data in relation to legal proceedings of the cases, compiling, organizing, then presenting the newfound information to the lawyer. Presentation is carefully condensed into an outline with case history, plan of actions plus relevant notes that will help construct any precedents, case, hearings, or laws matters.

Among countless agencies where a paralegal assistant will be found are: courts, state and government agencies, corporations, finance companies, banks, accounting firms, engineering firms, consumer organizations, legal aid offices. Some of the commercial firms where a paralegal can provide services are: entertainment production outfits, public relations agencies, advertising companies, insurance agencies, or real estate agencies. Flexibility of paralegal profession may also be seen in surroundings like civil rights and criminal law, civil litigation, health care, family laws, environmental protection, corporate law, immigration, and others.

Rendering services for paralegal jobs does not really require a specific academic education. So, how does one become a paralegal? There are some who have only gone on-the-job-training. Many have formal education for paralegal studies like bachelor’s degree or two-year course for paralegal education while others have completed different paralegal certificates. Some paralegal certificates can be completed by merely a matter of months from a paralegal school. There is also a post-baccalaureate paralegal certificate offered by some paralegal education courses. Paralegal schools offer paralegal programs.

Paralegal studies are offered for students to bring them up into the rewarding careers of paralegal professionals. In paralegal training, each would be aided by lawyers in the legal industry. Paralegal courses will initially supply students with substantial knowledge so that they could be fully prepared to practical skills and meet high standards of industry in terms of proficiency, academic excellence, and professional integrity. Paralegal studies institutes are widely spread to meet solutions for the escalating demands of paralegal or legal assistants. Paralegal schools made it particularly practical and efficient by offering online paralegal studies for the students. If a student does not have the means to render much time to complete paralegal studies, he can opt for the online paralegal schools. Paralegal studies online are a flexible way to complete paralegal education such as paralegal certificates program, paralegal bachelor’s degree program, and paralegal post-bachelor’s certificates.

Responsibilities of paralegal positions have been increasing gradually that they are already running out of resources how to curtail the equally elevating workload of attorneys and lawyers. With this concern, paralegal schools now offer paralegal training courses in many paralegal certification programs. A student can search through online for the best paralegal schools that offer these courses.